The relationship between the positive and negative electrodes of lead-acid batteries
The positive and negative electrodes of lead-acid batteries have a close electrochemical relationship, and they work together to participate in the charging and discharging process of the battery.
1. Battery structure
Lead-acid batteries are composed of positive plates, negative plates, separators, and electrolytes. The positive plate is mainly composed of lead dioxide, and the negative plate is mainly composed of lead. The separator separates the positive and negative plates to prevent them from directly contacting each other. The electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution that provides an ion通道 for the charging and discharging of the battery.
2. Charging and discharging process
During discharge:
The negative electrode undergoes an oxidation reaction to generate lead sulfate and electrons: Pb → PbSO₄ + 2e⁻
The positive electrode undergoes a reduction reaction, consumes electrons, and generates lead sulfate: PbO₂ + 4H⁺ + 2e⁻ → PbSO₄ + 2H₂O
Electrons flow from the negative electrode to the positive electrode through the external circuit, forming a current.
During charging:
The negative electrode undergoes a reduction reaction, consumes lead sulfate and electrons, and generates lead: PbSO₄ + 2e⁻ → Pb + 2SO₄²⁻
The positive electrode undergoes an oxidation reaction to generate lead dioxide and sulfuric acid: 2PbSO₄ + 4H₂O → PbO₂ + 4H⁺ +
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